Exploring Germany and Your German Heritage

AN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE PAGE FOR PROVIDING INSIGHT INTO GERMAN HERITAGE

Germany’s history spans thousands of years, beginning with the early Germanic tribes who lived in central Europe, resisting Roman expansion and maintaining their own distinct cultures and territories. After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 C.E., Germanic kingdoms rose in prominence, especially the kingdom of the Franks, whose leader, Charlemagne, expanded his empire and was crowned by the pope as emperor of the Romans in 800, laying the groundwork for what would become the Holy Roman Empire. Established in 962 under Otto I, the Holy Roman Empire was a loose federation of kingdoms, duchies, and principalities across central Europe that helped to give the German-speaking peoples a shared identity for centuries. It survived periods of turmoil, including the Protestant Reformation and the Thirty Years’ War, but ultimately dissolved in 1806 when Napoleon’s forces defeated it, leaving the German territories fragmented. One of the largest of these territories was Prussia.

In 1871, the dream of a unified Germany became a reality under Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck, who brought together German-speaking regions to form the German Empire, or Second Reich. This period marked Germany’s rise as an industrial and military power, setting the stage for its influence over European affairs. However, Germany’s defeat in World War I brought the empire to an end in 1918. The Treaty of Versailles placed heavy burdens on Germany, and the democratic Weimar Republic that followed was plagued by economic hardship and political instability. These issues fueled widespread resentment and helped the Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, to gain power in 1933, leading to the establishment of the Third Reich.

Under Hitler’s rule, Germany pursued a militaristic agenda, sparking World War II and committing horrific atrocities, including the Holocaust. The Third Reich fell in 1945, and Germany was divided into occupation zones, eventually forming two separate states: West Germany, backed by the United States and its allies, and East Germany, controlled by the Soviet Union. The two Germanies became a focal point of the Cold War, with the Berlin Wall, dividing the former German capital in two, symbolizing the division between East and West. Despite these challenges, West Germany experienced a rapid economic recovery, known as the “economic miracle,” while East Germany remained under strict Soviet influence.

In 1989, the fall of the Berlin Wall marked a turning point, leading to German reunification in 1990. Berlin was restored as the capital of a unified Germany, which soon became a leader in the European Union, balancing its powerful economy with social challenges, such as immigration and economic disparities between the former East and West. Today, Germany is a federal republic of 16 states with a strong economy and democratic values that’s a central player in European and global affairs.

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German Culture

  • The History of Oktoberfest: What started as a Bavarian horse race to celebrate a royal wedding eventually became the world’s largest German cultural festival, which is still held annual today.

  • Ten Classic German Dishes: Traditional German foods include hearty and satisfying dishes like maultaschen, ravioli-like dumplings, and schweinsbraten, pork shoulder roasted in a dark sauce containing beer and herbs.

  • Bauhaus: This famed art school sparked a movement that was widely influential in the world of architecture.

  • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Goethe’s work is central to the German literary canon, and his Faust is still read and appreciated around the world today.

  • Eight German Composers to Know: Germany has been home to many of the world’s most famous names in classical music, including Beethoven, Bach, Brahms, and Handel.

  • Albrecht Dürer: Renaissance artist Albrecht Dürer’s engravings and paintings featured a level of detail and realism that profoundly influenced European art and set new standards in printmaking.

  • Weinachtsmarkts: Germany’s Christmas Gift to the World: The annual German Christmas markets are a highlight of the holiday season.

  • Germany’s Most Popular Beers: Germany is well-known for its beers, brewing thousands of different varieties all over the country.

  • How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale: The Brothers Grimm collected and published folk tales that would become beloved stories worldwide.

  • English Comedy a Traditional Part of German New Year: Watching an old comedy sketch from Britain has become an integral part of Germany’s New Year’s Eve traditions, along with a frenzy of fireworks.

  • Bundesliga’s Fan Culture: Germany is a soccer-loving country, filled with enthusiastic fans who are incredibly attached to their teams.

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This page was last updated with help by Marco Permunian